Diabetes and Liver Disease

The factors contributing to cancer development in obesity and type 2 diabetes, as they are currently understood, are outlined in Fig. 36.1. Growth hormone (GH), insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), along with other hormones, adipokines, and cytokines have been implicated in tumorigenesis. Excess adipose tissue causes increased production of free fatty acid (FFA), the peptide

Chronic Hepatitis C InfectionPrevalence of Diabetes in Chronic Hepatitis C InfectionHepatitis C virus (HCV) has infected approximately 2% of the US adult population. HCV not only replicates inside the hepatocyte but may replicate also in other cell types. Through its effect on the host immune system or by direct viral cytotoxicity, HCV infection may result

Type 2 Diabetes and Liver TransplantationIn liver transplant recipients, type 2 diabetes can develop pre- or post-liver transplantation. Type 2 diabetes is highly prevalent in patients with chronic liver disease, particularly chronic hepatitis C infection. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in patients with cirrhosis ranges from 1 to 25%. The prevalence is even higher

Hepatocellular CarcinomaHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer worldwide and accounts for more than 500,000 deaths annually. The incidence of HCC in the United States is increasing. Chronic hepatitis B and C infections, alcohol-related liver disease, and hereditary hemochromatosis are recognized as etiologies of liver disease predisposing to HCC, usually in the

Epidemiology and Natural History of NAFLDNAFLD is the most prevalent chronic liver disease in the United States and will be increasingly prevalent due to the pandemics of obesity and diabetes in the Unites States. Furthermore, NAFLD is the most prevalent chronic liver disease seen in patients with diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. NAFLD is a